Speech Transcript:

 I come before you tonight to report on the State of the Union for the
third time.

I come here to thank you and to add my tribute, once more, to the
Nation's gratitude for this, the 89th Congress. This Congress has
already reserved for itself an honored chapter in the history of
America.

Our Nation tonight is engaged in a brutal and bitter conflict in
Vietnam. Later on I want to discuss that struggle in some detail with
you. It just must be the center of our concerns.

But we will not permit those who fire upon us in Vietnam to win a
victory over the desires and the intentions of all the American
people. This Nation is mighty enough, its society is healthy enough,
its people are strong enough, to pursue our goals in the rest of the
world while still building a Great Society here at home.

And that is what I have come here to ask of you tonight.

I recommend that you provide the resources to carry forward, with
full vigor, the great health and education programs that you enacted
into law last year.

I recommend that we prosecute with vigor and determination our war on
poverty.

I recommend that you give a new and daring direction to our foreign
aid program, designed to make a maximum attack on hunger and disease
and ignorance in those countries that are determined to help
themselves, and to help those nations that are trying to control
population growth.

I recommend that you make it possible to expand trade between the
United States and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.

I recommend to you a program to rebuild completely, on a scale never
before attempted, entire central and slum areas of several of our
cities in America.

I recommend that you attack the wasteful and degrading poisoning of
our rivers, and, as the cornerstone of this effort, clean completely
entire large river basins.

I recommend that you meet the growing menace of crime in the streets
by building up law enforcement and by revitalizing the entire Federal
system from prevention to probation.

I recommend that you take additional steps to insure equal justice to
all of our people by effectively enforcing nondiscrimination in
Federal and State jury selection, by making it a serious Federal
crime to obstruct public and private efforts to secure civil rights,
and by outlawing discrimination in the sale and rental of housing.

I recommend that you help me modernize and streamline the Federal
Government by creating a new Cabinet level Department of
Transportation and reorganizing several existing agencies. In turn, I
will restructure our civil service in the top grades so that men and
women can easily be assigned to jobs where they are most needed, and
ability will be both required as well as rewarded.

I will ask you to make it possible for Members of the House of
Representatives to work more effectively in the service of the Nation
through a constitutional amendment extending the term of a Congressman
to 4 years, concurrent with that of the President.

Because of Vietnam we cannot do all that we should, or all that we
would like to do.

We will ruthlessly attack waste and inefficiency. We will make sure
that every dollar is spent with the thrift and with the commonsense
which recognizes how hard the taxpayer worked in order to earn it.

We will continue to meet the needs of our people by continuing to
develop the Great Society.

Last year alone the wealth that we produced increased $47 billion,
and it will soar again this year to a total over $720 billion.

Because our economic policies have produced rising revenues, if you
approve every program that I recommend tonight, our total budget
deficit will be one of the lowest in many years. It will be only $1.8
billion next year. Total spending in the administrative budget will be
$112.8 billion. Revenues next year will be $111 billion.

On a cash basis--which is the way that you and I keep our family
budget--the Federal budget next year will actually show a surplus.
That is to say, if we include all the money that your Government will
take in and all the money that your Government will spend, your
Government next year will collect one-half billion dollars more than
it will spend in the year 1967.

I have not come here tonight to ask for pleasant luxuries or for idle
pleasures. I have come here to recommend that you, the representatives
of the richest Nation on earth, you, the elected servants of a people
who live in abundance unmatched on this globe, you bring the most
urgent decencies of life to all of your fellow Americans.

There are men who cry out: We must sacrifice. Well, let us rather ask
them: Who will they sacrifice? Are they going to sacrifice the
children who seek the learning, or the sick who need medical care, or
the families who dwell in squalor now brightened by the hope of home?
Will they sacrifice opportunity for the distressed, the beauty of our
land, the hope of our poor?

Time may require further sacrifices. And if it does, then we will
make them.

But we will not heed those who wring it from the hopes of the
unfortunate here in a land of plenty.

I believe that we can continue the Great Society while we fight in
Vietnam. But if there are some who do not believe this, then, in the
name of justice, let them call for the contribution of those who live
in the fullness of our blessing, rather than try to strip it from the
hands of those that are most in need.

And let no one think that the unfortunate and the oppressed of this
land sit stifled and alone in their hope tonight. Hundreds of their
servants and their protectors sit before me tonight here in this
great Chamber.

The Great Society leads us along three roads-growth and justice and
liberation.

(1.) First is growth-the national prosperity which supports the
well-being of our people and which provides the tools of our
progress.

I can report to you tonight what you have seen for yourselves
already-in every city and countryside. This Nation is flourishing.

Workers are making more money than ever-with after-tax income in the
past 5 years up 33 percent; in the last year alone, up 8 percent.

More people are working than ever before in our history-an increase
last year of 2 1/2 million jobs.

Corporations have greater after-tax earnings than ever in history.
For the past 5 years those earnings have been up over 65 percent, and
last year alone they had a rise of 20 percent.

Average farm income is higher than ever. Over the past 5 years it is
up 40 percent, and over the past year it is up 22 percent alone.

I was informed this afternoon by the distinguished Secretary of the
Treasury that his preliminary estimates indicate that our balance of
payments deficit has been reduced from $2.8 billion in 1964 to $1.3
billion, or less, in 1965. This achievement has been made possible by
the patriotic voluntary cooperation of businessmen and bankers working
with your Government.

We must now work together with increased urgency to wipe out this
balance of payments deficit altogether in the next year.

And as our economy surges toward new heights we must increase our
vigilance against the inflation which raises the cost of living and
which lowers the savings of every family in this land. It is
essential, to prevent inflation, that we ask both labor and business
to exercise price and wage restraint, and I do so again tonight.

I believe it desirable, because of increased military expenditures,
that you temporarily restore the automobile and certain telephone
excise tax reductions made effective only 12 days ago. Without
raising taxes-or even increasing the total tax bill paid-we should
move to improve our withholding system so that Americans can more
realistically pay as they go, speed up the collection of corporate
taxes, and make other necessary simplifications of the tax structure
at an early date.

I hope these measures will be adequate. But if the necessities of
Vietnam require it, I will not hesitate to return to the Congress for
additional appropriations, or additional revenues if they are needed.

(2.) The second road is justice. Justice means a man's hope should
not be limited by the color of his skin.

I propose legislation to establish unavoidable requirements for
nondiscriminatory jury selection in Federal and State courts-and to
give the Attorney General the power necessary to enforce those
requirements.

I propose legislation to strengthen authority of Federal courts to
try those who murder, attack, or intimidate either civil rights
workers or others exercising their constitutional rights-and to
increase penalties to a level equal to the nature of the crime.

Legislation, resting on the fullest constitutional authority of the
Federal Government, to prohibit racial discrimination in the sale or
rental of housing.

For that other nation within a Nation-the poor-whose distress has now
captured the conscience of America, I will ask the Congress not only
to continue, but to speed up the war on poverty. And in so doing, we
will provide the added energy of achievement with the increased
efficiency of experience.

To improve the life of our rural Americans and our farm population,
we will plan for the future through the establishment of several new
Community Development Districts, improved education through the use
of Teachers Corps teams, better health measures, physical
examinations, and adequate and available medical resources.

For those who labor, I propose to improve unemployment insurance, to
expand minimum wage benefits, and by the repeal of section 14(b) of
the Taft-Hartley Act to make the labor laws in all our States equal
to the laws of the 31 States which do not have tonight right-to-work
measures.

And I also intend to ask the Congress to consider measures which,
without improperly invading State and local authority, will enable us
effectively to deal with strikes which threaten irreparable damage to
the national interest.

(3.) The third path is the path of liberation. It is to use our
success for the fulfillment of our lives. A great nation is one which
breeds a great people. A great people flower not from wealth and
power, but from a society which spurs them to the fullness of their
genius. That alone is a Great Society.

Yet, slowly, painfully, on the edge of victory, has come the
knowledge that shared prosperity is not enough. In the midst of
abundance modern man walks oppressed by forces which menace and
confine the quality of his life, and which individual abundance alone
will not overcome.

We can subdue and we can master these forces-bring increased meaning
to our lives-if all of us, Government and citizens, are bold enough
to change old ways, daring enough to assault new dangers, and if the
dream is dear enough to call forth the limitless capacities of this
great people.

This year we must continue to improve the quality of American life.

Let us fulfill and improve the great health and education programs of
last year, extending special opportunities to those who risk their
lives in our Armed Forces.

I urge the House of Representatives to complete action on three
programs already passed by the Senate-the Teacher Corps, rent
assistance, and home rule for the District of Columbia.

In some of our urban areas we must help rebuild entire sections and
neighborhoods containing, in some cases, as many as 100,000 people.
Working together, private enterprise and government must press
forward with the task of providing homes and shops, parks and
hospitals, and all the other necessary parts of a flourishing
community where our people can come to live the good life.

I will offer other proposals to stimulate and to reward planning for
the growth of entire metropolitan areas.

Of all the reckless devastations of our national heritage, none is
really more shameful than the continued poisoning of our rivers and
our air.

We must undertake a cooperative effort to end pollution in several
river basins, making additional funds available to help draw the
plans and construct the plants that are necessary to make the waters
of our entire river systems clean, and make them a source of pleasure
and beauty for all of our people.

To attack and to overcome growing crime and lawlessness, I think we
must have a stepped-up program to help modernize and strengthen our
local police forces.

Our people have a right to feel secure in their homes and on their
streets-and that right just must be secured.

Nor can we fail to arrest the destruction of life and property on our
highways.

I will propose a Highway Safety Act of 1966 to seek an end to this
mounting tragedy.

We must also act to prevent the deception of the American
consumer-requiring all packages to state clearly and truthfully their
contents-all interest and credit charges to be fully revealed-and
keeping harmful drugs and cosmetics away from our stores.

It is the genius of our Constitution that under its shelter of
enduring institutions and rooted principles there is ample room for
the rich fertility of American political invention.

We must change to master change.

I propose to take steps to modernize and streamline the executive
branch, to modernize the relations between city and State and
Nation.

A new Department of Transportation is needed to bring together our
transportation activities. The present structure-35 Government
agencies, spending $5 billion yearly-makes it almost impossible to
serve either the growing demands of this great Nation or the needs of
the industry, or the right of the taxpayer to full efficiency and real
frugality.

I will propose in addition a program to construct and to flight-test
a new supersonic transport airplane that will fly three times the
speed of sound-in excess of 2,000 miles per hour.

I propose to examine our Federal system-the relation between city,
State, Nation, and the citizens themselves. We need a commission of
the most distinguished scholars and men of public affairs to do this
job. I will ask them to move on to develop a creative federalism to
best use the wonderful diversity of our institutions and our people
to solve the problems and to fulfill the dreams of the American
people.

As the process of election becomes more complex and more costly, we
must make it possible for those without personal wealth to enter
public life without being obligated to a few large contributors.

Therefore, I will submit legislation to revise the present
unrealistic restriction on contributions-to prohibit the endless
proliferation of committees, bringing local and State committees
under the act-to attach strong teeth and severe penalties to the
requirement of full disclosure of contributions-and to broaden the
participation of the people, through added tax incentives, to
stimulate small contributions to the party and to the candidate of
their choice.

To strengthen the work of Congress I strongly urge an amendment to
provide a 4-year term for Members of the House of
Representatives-which should not begin before 1972.

The present 2-year term requires most Members of Congress to divert
enormous energies to an almost constant process of
campaigning-depriving this Nation of the fullest measure of both
their skill and their wisdom. Today, too, the work of government is
far more complex than in our early years, requiring more time to
learn and more time to master the technical tasks of legislating. And
a longer term will serve to attract more men of the highest quality to
political life. The Nation, the principle of democracy, and, I think,
each congressional district, will all be better served by a 4-year
term for Members of the House. And I urge your swift action.

Tonight the cup of peril is full in Vietnam.

That conflict is not an isolated episode, but another great event in
the policy that we have followed with strong consistency since World
War II.

The touchstone of that policy is the interest of the United
States-the welfare and the freedom of the people of the United
States. But nations sink when they see that interest only through a
narrow glass.

In a world that has grown small and dangerous, pursuit of narrow aims
could bring decay and even disaster.

An America that is mighty beyond description-yet living in a hostile
or despairing world-would be neither safe nor free to build a
civilization to liberate the spirit of man.

In this pursuit we helped rebuild Western Europe. We gave our aid to
Greece and Turkey, and we defended the freedom of Berlin.

In this pursuit we have helped new nations toward independence. We
have extended the helping hand of the Peace Corps and carried forward
the largest program of economic assistance in the world.

And in this pursuit we work to build a hemisphere of democracy and of
social justice.

In this pursuit we have defended against Communist aggression-in
Korea under President Truman-in the Formosa Straits under President
Eisenhower-in Cuba under President Kennedy-and again in Vietnam.

Tonight Vietnam must hold the center of our attention, but across the
world problems and opportunities crowd in on the American Nation. I
will discuss them fully in the months to come, and I will follow the
five continuing lines of policy that America has followed under its
last four Presidents.

(1.) The first principle is strength.

Tonight I can tell you that we are strong enough to keep all of our
commitments. We will need expenditures of $58.3 billion for the next
fiscal year to maintain this necessary defense might.

While special Vietnam expenditures for the next fiscal year are
estimated to increase by $5.8 billion, I can tell you that all the
other expenditures put together in the entire Federal budget will
rise this coming year by only $.6 billion. This is true because of
the stringent cost-conscious economy program inaugurated in the
Defense Department, and followed by the other departments of
Government.

(2.) A second principle of policy is the effort to control, and to
reduce, and to ultimately eliminate the modern engines of
destruction.

We will vigorously pursue existing proposals-and seek new ones-to
control arms and to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.

(3.) A third major principle of our foreign policy is to help build
those associations of nations which reflect the opportunities and the
necessities of the modern world.

By strengthening the common defense, by stimulating world commerce,
by meeting new hopes, these associations serve the cause of a
flourishing world.

We will take new steps this year to help strengthen the Alliance for
Progress, the unity of Europe, the community of the Atlantic, the
regional organizations of developing continents, and that supreme
association-the United Nations.

We will work to strengthen economic cooperation, to reduce barriers
to trade, and to improve international finance.

(4.) A fourth enduring strand of policy has been to help improve the
life of man.

From the Marshall plan to this very moment tonight, that policy has
rested on the claims of compassion, and the certain knowledge that
only a people advancing in expectation will build secure and peaceful
lands.

This year I propose major new directions in our program of foreign
assistance to help those countries who will help themselves.

We will conduct a worldwide attack on the problems of hunger and
disease and ignorance.

We will place the matchless skill and the resources of our own great
America, in farming and in fertilizers, at the service of those
countries committed to develop a modern agriculture.

We will aid those who educate the young in other lands, and we will
give children in other continents the same head start that we are
trying to give our own children. To advance these ends I will propose
the International Education Act of 1966.

I will also propose the International Health Act of 1966 to strike at
disease by a new effort to bring modern skills and knowledge to the
uncared-for, those suffering in the world, and by trying to wipe out
smallpox and malaria and control yellow fever over most of the world
during this next decade; to help countries trying to control
population growth, by increasing our research-and we will earmark
funds to help their efforts.

In the next year, from our foreign aid sources, we propose to
dedicate $1 billion to these efforts, and we call on all who have the
means to join us in this work in the world.

(5.) The fifth and most important principle of our foreign policy is
support of national independence-the right of each people to govern
themselves-and to shape their own institutions.

For a peaceful world order will be possible only when each country
walks the way that it has chosen to walk for itself.

We follow this principle by encouraging the end of colonial rule.

We follow this principle, abroad as well as at home, by continued
hostility to the rule of the many by the few--or the oppression of
one race by another.

We follow this principle by building bridges to Eastern Europe. And I
will ask the Congress for authority to remove the special tariff
restrictions which are a barrier to increasing trade between the East
and the West.

The insistent urge toward national independence is the strongest
force of today's world in which we live.

In Africa and Asia and Latin America it is shattering the designs of
those who would subdue others to their ideas or their will.

It is eroding the unity of what was once a Stalinist empire.

In recent months a number of nations have cast out those who would
subject them to the ambitions of mainland China.

History is on the side of freedom and is on the side of societies
shaped from the genius of each people. History does not favor a
single system or belief-unless force is used to make it so.

That is why it has been necessary for us to defend this basic
principle of our policy, to defend it in Berlin, in Korea, in
Cuba-and tonight in Vietnam.

For tonight, as so many nights before, young Americans struggle and
young Americans die in a distant land.

Tonight, as so many nights before, the American Nation is asked to
sacrifice the blood of its children and the fruits of its labor for
the love of its freedom.

How many times-in my lifetime and in yours-have the American people
gathered, as they do now, to hear their President tell them of
conflict and tell them of danger?

Each time they have answered. They have answered with all the effort
that the security and the freedom of this Nation required.

And they do again tonight in Vietnam.

Not too many years ago Vietnam was a peaceful, if troubled, land. In
the North was an independent Communist government. In the South a
people struggled to build a nation, with the friendly help of the
United States.

There were some in South Vietnam who wished to force Communist rule
on their own people. But their progress was slight. Their hope of
success was dim. Then, little more than 6 years ago, North Vietnam
decided on conquest. And from that day to this, soldiers and supplies
have moved from North to South in a swelling stream that is swallowing
the remnants of revolution in aggression.

As the assault mounted, our choice gradually became clear. We could
leave, abandoning South Vietnam to its attackers and to certain
conquest, or we could stay and fight beside the people of South
Vietnam.

We stayed.

And we will stay until aggression has stopped.

We will stay because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of
its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on
America's solemn pledge-a pledge which has grown through the
commitments of three American Presidents.

We will stay because in Asia and around the world are countries whose
independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America's word
and in America's protection. To yield to force in Vietnam would
weaken that confidence, would undermine the independence of many
lands, and would whet the appetite of aggression. We would have to
fight in one land, and then we would have to fight in another-or
abandon much of Asia to the domination of Communists.

And we do not intend to abandon Asia to conquest.

Last year the nature of the war in Vietnam changed again. Swiftly
increasing numbers of armed men from the North crossed the borders to
join forces that were already in the South. Attack and terror
increased, spurred and encouraged by the belief that the United
States lacked the will to continue and that their victory was near.

Despite our desire to limit conflict, it was necessary to act: to
hold back the mounting aggression, to give courage to the people of
the South, and to make our firmness clear to the North. Thus we began
limited air action against military targets in North Vietnam. We
increased our fighting force to its present strength tonight of
190,000 men.

These moves have not ended the aggression but they have prevented its
success. The aims of the enemy have been put out of reach by the skill
and the bravery of Americans and their allies-and by the enduring
courage of the South Vietnamese who, I can tell you, have lost eight
men last year for every one of ours.

The enemy is no longer close to victory. Time is no longer on his
side. There is no cause to doubt the American commitment.

Our decision to stand firm has been matched by our desire for peace.

In 1965 alone we had 300 private talks for peace in Vietnam, with
friends and adversaries throughout the world.

Since Christmas your Government has labored again, with imagination
and endurance, to remove any barrier to peaceful settlement. For 20
days now we and our Vietnamese allies have dropped no bombs in North
Vietnam.

Able and experienced spokesmen have visited, in behalf of America,
more than 40 countries. We have talked to more than a hundred
governments, all 113 that we have relations with, and some that we
don't. We have talked to the United Nations and we have called upon
all of its members to make any contribution that they can toward
helping obtain peace.

In public statements and in private communications, to adversaries
and to friends, in Rome and Warsaw, in Paris and Tokyo, in Africa and
throughout this hemisphere, America has made her position abundantly
clear.

We seek neither territory nor bases, economic domination or military
alliance in Vietnam. We fight for the principle of
self-determination-that the people of South Vietnam should be able to
choose their own course, choose it in free elections without violence,
without terror, and without fear.

The people of all Vietnam should make a free decision on the great
question of reunification.

This is all we want for South Vietnam. It is all the people of South
Vietnam want. And if there is a single nation on this earth that
desires less than this for its own people, then let its voice be
heard.

We have also made it clear-from Hanoi to New York-that there are no
arbitrary limits to our search for peace. We stand by the Geneva
Agreements of 1954 and 1962. We will meet at any conference table, we
will discuss any proposals-four points or fourteen or forty-and we
will consider the views of any group. We will work for a cease-fire
now or once discussions have begun. We will respond if others reduce
their use of force, and we will withdraw our soldiers once South
Vietnam is securely guaranteed the right to shape its own future.

We have said all this, and we have asked-and hoped-and we have waited
for a response.

So far we have received no response to prove either success or
failure.

We have carried our quest for peace to many nations and peoples
because we share this planet with others whose future, in large
measure, is tied to our own action, and whose counsel is necessary to
our own hopes.

We have found understanding and support. And we know they wait with
us tonight for some response that could lead to peace.

I wish tonight that I could give you a blueprint for the course of
this conflict over the coming months, but we just cannot know what
the future may require. We may have to face long, hard combat or a
long, hard conference, or even both at once.

Until peace comes, or if it does not come, our course is clear. We
will act as we must to help protect the independence of the valiant
people of South Vietnam. We will strive to limit the conflict, for we
wish neither increased destruction nor do we want to invite increased
danger.

But we will give our fighting men what they must have: every gun, and
every dollar, and every decision-whatever the cost or whatever the
challenge.

And we will continue to help the people of South Vietnam care for
those that are ravaged by battle, create progress in the villages,
and carry forward the healing hopes of peace as best they can amidst
the uncertain terrors of war.

And let me be absolutely clear: The days may become months, and the
months may become years, but we will stay as long as aggression
commands us to battle.

There may be some who do not want peace, whose ambitions stretch so
far that war in Vietnam is but a welcome and convenient episode in an
immense design to subdue history to their will. But for others it must
now be clear-the choice is not between peace and victory, it lies
between peace and the ravages of a conflict from which they can only
lose.

The people of Vietnam, North and South, seek the same things: the
shared needs of man, the needs for food and shelter and education-the
chance to build and work and till the soil, free from the arbitrary
horrors of battle-the desire to walk in the dignity of those who
master their own destiny. For many painful years, in war and
revolution and infrequent peace, they have struggled to fulfill those
needs.

It is a crime against mankind that so much courage, and so much will,
and so many dreams, must be flung on the fires of war and death.

To all of those caught up in this conflict we therefore say again
tonight: Let us choose peace, and with it the wondrous works of
peace, and beyond that, the time when hope reaches toward
consummation, and life is the servant of life.

In this work, we plan to discharge our duty to the people whom we
serve.

This is the State of the Union.

But over it all-wealth, and promise, and expectation-lies our
troubling awareness of American men at war tonight.

How many men who listen to me tonight have served their Nation in
other wars? How very many are not here to listen?

The war in Vietnam is not like these other wars. Yet, finally, war is
always the same. It is young men dying in the fullness of their
promise. It is trying to kill a man that you do not even know well
enough to hate.

Therefore, to know war is to know that there is still madness in this
world.

Many of you share the burden of this knowledge tonight with me. But
there is a difference. For finally I must be the one to order our
guns to fire, against all the most inward pulls of my desire. For we
have children to teach, and we have sick to be cured, and we have men
to be freed. There are poor to be lifted up, and there are cities to
be built, and there is a world to be helped.

Yet we do what we must.

I am hopeful, and I will try as best I can, with everything I have
got, to end this battle and to return our sons to their desires.

Yet as long as others will challenge America's security and test the
dearness of our beliefs with fire and steel, then we must stand or
see the promise of two centuries tremble. I believe tonight that you
do not want me to try that risk. And from that belief your President
summons his strength for the trials that lie ahead in the days to
come.

The work must be our work now. Scarred by the weaknesses of man, with
whatever guidance God may offer us, we must nevertheless and alone
with our mortality, strive to ennoble the life of man on earth.